SIMPLE PAST vs PRESENT PERFECT

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
Irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs Example: I spoke	Irregular verbs: have/has + 3rd column of irregular verbs Example: I / you / we / they have spoken. he / she / it has spoken
	Regular verbs: have/has + infinitive + ed Example: I / you / we / they have worked he / she / it has worked
Exceptions when adding ’ed’: when the final letter is e, only add d. Example: love - loved after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled. Example: admit - admitted final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English). Example: travel - travelled after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel). Example: worry - worried, but: play - played

Use

In British English, the use of Simple Past and Present Perfect is quite strict. As soon as a time expression in the past is given, you have to use Simple Past. If there are no signal words, you must decide if we just talk about an action in the past or if its consequence in the present is important.

Certain time in the past or just / already / yet?

Do you want to express that an action happened at a certain time in the past (even if it was just a few seconds ago) or that an action has just / already / not yet happened?

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
certain time in the past Example: I phoned Mary 2 minutes ago.	just / already / not yet Example: I have just phoned Mary.

Certain event in the past or how often so far?

Do you want to express when a certain action took place or whether / how often an action has happened till now?

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
certain event in the past Example: He went to Canada last summer.	whether / how often till now Example: Have you ever been to Canada? I have been to Canada twice.

Emphasis on action or result?

Do you just want to express what happened in the past? Or do you want to emphasise the result (a past action’s consequence in the present)?

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
Emphasis on action Example:  I bought a new bike. (just telling what I did in the past.)	Emphasis on result Example: I have bought a new bike. (with this sentence I actually want to express that I have a new bike now.)

Signal Words

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
yesterday ... ago in 1990 the other day last ...	just already up to now until now / till now ever (not) yet so far lately / recently

Exercises:

• Certain time in the past or just / already / yet: Exercise 1, Exercise 2
• Certain event in the past or how often so far: : Exercise 3, Exercise 4
• Emphasis on action or result: Exercise 5, Exercise 6
• Mix: Exercise 7, Exercise 8

Test

• Test 1
• Test 2
• Test 3

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
certain event in the past Example:He went to Canada last summer.	whether / how often till now Example:Have you ever been to Canada? / I have been to Canada twice.

3 comentarios

[Ana 5 B - 12 de diciembre de 2011 - 18:35]

Hello I am Ana I like English is the best thing in the world and I like to stady too.

[Estibaliz - 05 de diciembre de 2011 - 10:06]

I'm sure you do Lucía. And you're doing great.

[lucia 5 B - 01 de diciembre de 2011 - 21:14]

I like a lot to study inglish.